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儒家与道家的“至德”或“上德”皆以自由为理想价值目标，但儒家“至德”论的自由因是依善性的自觉和靠规范的进路而至的自由，故它是一种“道德性的自由”；道家的“上德”论的自由因是依人的自然之性自然而来的自由，它舍弃了规范的进路，故它是一种“自由的道德”。尽管如此，二者之自由皆是需要主体自觉才可能的自由。
Confucianism and Taoism both regard the “virtue” or “virtue” as their goal of ideal value. However, the freedom of the Confucian “virtue” theory is based on the self-awareness of virtue and the freedom of being guided by the normative approach Is a kind of “moral freedom.” The moral freedom of the Taoist “Shang Dao” theory is the freedom that comes naturally from the natural nature of human beings. It abandons the normative approach, so it is a kind of “moral freedom ”. Nevertheless, the freedom of both is the freedom that the subject needs to consciously make.