海关是国家的经济门户。中国自秦汉以来,就已设立陆路关卡。随着社会经济和对外贸易的发展,到了唐代,不仅西汉以来的西北丝绸之路更加繁荣发展,而且海上丝绸之路也随之发展起来。东南亚、西亚、日本、朝鲜等地区及国家的商人纷纷来华和中国进行贸易。为此,唐代设立了市舶使,专掌对外贸易事宜。宋元时期,市舶司制度建立,开始履行管理船舶进出海口贸易之职责,制度逐渐完善。明清之际,长期厉行海禁政策。康熙二十二年(1683年),清政府收复台湾,社会出现稳定局势,于是,宣布开海禁,并在广州、厦门、宁波、云台山四处设立粤海关、闽海关、浙海关、江海关,管理对外贸易。自乾隆二十二年(1757年)起,清政府曾一度只限定广州一处为外国商船来 Customs is the country’s economic gateway. Since the Qin and Han dynasties, China has set up land-based checkpoints. With the development of social economy and foreign trade, in the Tang Dynasty, not only the Northwest Silk Road has prospered since the Western Han Dynasty, but also the Maritime Silk Road has developed. Southeast Asia, West Asia, Japan, North Korea and other regions and countries have come to China to trade businessmen. To this end, the Tang Dynasty set up a ship, special foreign trade matters. During the Song and Yuan dynasties, the establishment of the ship-ship division began to perform its duties of managing the trade of ships entering and leaving the port, and the system was gradually perfected. On the occasion of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the long-term implementation of the sea ban policy. In the twenty-second year of Emperor Kangxi (1683), the Qing government recovered Taiwan and social stability emerged. As a result, it announced the opening of a ban on the sea and set up such facilities in Guangdong, Xiamen, Ningbo and Yuntaishan as Guangdong Customs, Fujian Customs, Zhejiang Customs, Manage foreign trade. Since the Qianlong twenty-two years (1757), the Qing government once restricted Guangzhou to a foreign merchant