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【目的】探讨小学儿童社会期望的发展状况,为儿童的家庭和学校教育提供参考依据。【方法】采用Cradall和Katkovsky的儿童社会期望量表对随机抽取的784名德州市小学生进行调查研究。【结果】1)小学儿童社会期望总体上处于中等偏上的水平(M社会期望>24分);2)小学儿童社会期望的年级差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.001),随着年级升高,社会期望值逐渐降低,其中三年级和五年级是两个急剧下降的阶段;3)小学女生的社会期望值普遍高于男生(P<0.001),并且男生和女生社会期望发展的模式明显不同:女生社会期望的发展呈线性下降的趋势,而男生社会期望的发展呈阶梯状下降的趋势。【结论】小学儿童社会期望的发展存在显著的年级差异和性别差异,家长和老师在对待儿童的教育方式和态度上,应结合小学儿童社会期望的发展特点作出相应的调整。
【Objective】 To explore the development of social expectation of primary school children and to provide reference for children’s family and school education. 【Methods】 A total of 784 primary school students from Texas were investigated by Cradall and Katkovsky’s Children’s Social Expectancy Scale. 【Results】 1) The social expectation of primary school children was generally above the middle level (M expectation> 24 points); 2) The grade difference of primary school children’s social expectation was highly statistically significant (P <0.001) High, social expectation value gradually decreased, of which three grades and five grades are two stages of sharp decline; 3) primary school girls generally higher social expectations than boys (P <0.001), and boys and girls society is expected to develop a clear pattern of different: The development of girls ’social expectation showed a linear decline, while the development of boys’ social expectation showed a downward trend. 【Conclusion】 The development of primary school children’s social expectation has significant grade differences and gender differences. Parents and teachers should adjust their educational methods and attitudes to the development of primary school children’s social expectation.