目的:观察小细胞肺癌（SCLC）患者同步放化疗过程中血清胃泌素释放肽前体（Pro-GRP）与神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）水平的变化情况及其意义。方法:回顾性分析2018年6月至2019年12月山西省肿瘤医院收治的80例SCLC患者资料，分为同步放化疗组（26例）与单纯化疗组（54例），采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）及电化学发光法检测患者治疗前后血清ProGRP和NSE水平，分析其与患者病情、治疗方法、治疗阶段及疗效的关系。结果:80例SCLC患者中，局限期患者Pro-GRP水平[127.43 pg／ml（17.61～1 547.30 pg／ml）]低于广泛期患者[547.87 pg／ml（20.20～2 111.00 pg／ml）]，差异有统计学意义（n U＝312.65，n P<0.01）；局限期患者NSE水平[25.02 μg／L（4.72～64.64 μg／L）]亦低于广泛期患者[88.08 μg／L（5.52～104.64 μg／L）]，差异有统计学意义（n U＝203.14，n P<0.01）。同步放化疗组与单纯化疗组患者2、4个周期化疗后Pro-GRP及NSE水平均较治疗前下降，差异均有统计学意义（均n P0.05）。同步放化疗组客观缓解率为96.15%（25／26），高于单纯化疗组的70.37%（38／54），差异有统计学意义（n χ2＝6.972，n P＝0.008）。n 结论:SCLC患者同步放化疗过程中血清Pro-GRP和NSE水平可反映SCLC患者的病情变化。同步放化疗治疗SCLC的效果优于单纯化疗。“,”Objective:To observe the changes of serum progastrin-releasing peptide (Pro-GRP) and neuron specific enolase (NSE) levels in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy and their significances.Methods:The data of 80 patients with SCLC who were admitted to Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital from June 2018 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, and the patients were divided into the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group (26 cases) and chemotherapy alone group (54 cases). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and electrochemiluminescence method were used to detect serum Pro-GRP and NSE levels before and after treatment; and the association of Pro-GRP and NSE levels with patients' condition, treatment method, treatment stage and treatment efficacy was analyzed.Results:Among 80 patients with SCLC, Pro-GRP level of patients with limited-stage [127.43 pg/ml (17.61- 1 547.30 pg/ml)] was lower than that of patients with extensive-stage [547.87 pg/ml (20.20-2 111.00 pg/ml)], and the difference was statistically significant (n U = 312.65, n P < 0.01). NSE level of patients with limited-stage [25.02 μg/L (4.72-64.64 μg/L)] was also lower than that of patients with extensive-stage [88.08 μg/L (5.52-104.64 μg/L)], and the difference was statistically significant ( n U = 203.14, n P < 0.01). The levels of Pro-GRP and NSE in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group and the chemotherapy alone group were decreased after 2 and 4 cycles of chemotherapy compared with those before treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (all n P 0.05). The objective response rate in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group was 96.15% (25/26), which was higher than that in the chemotherapy alone group [70.37% (38/54)], and the difference was statistically significant ( n χ2 = 6.972, n P = 0.008).n Conclusions:The serum levels of Pro-GRP and NSE for patients with SCLC in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy can reflect the changes of the condition of SCLC patients. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy is more effective compared with the chemotherapy alone in the treatment of SCLC.