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用Harris法研究了3类杀虫剂(有机磷、拟除虫菊酯和氨基甲酸酯)的二元混剂对大鼠的急性毒性联合作用。涉及的有机磷类农药有:甲基对硫磷、氧乐果、甲胺磷、辛硫磷、敌敌畏、丙溴磷、马拉硫磷、水胺硫磷;拟除虫菊酯类农药有:高效氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、甲氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯:氨基甲酸酯类农药有:灭多威、异丙威、速灭威等。有机磷+有机磷或有机磷+拟除虫菊酯混配的结果表明:敌敌畏+氧乐果、甲胺磷+丙溴磷混配时均为相加作用;辛硫磷+甲基对硫磷为拮抗作用;辛硫磷+溴氰菊酯、辛硫磷+高效氯氰菊酯、水胺硫磷+甲氰菊酯、甲基对硫磷+高效氯氰菊酯混配时毒性显著增加并呈现协同作用;辛硫磷+氰戊菊酯等虽属相加作用但毒性也有所增加;唯有溴氰菊酯+敌敌畏也属相加作用但毒性却略有降低。有机磷与氨基甲酸酯混配时马拉硫磷+异丙威呈协同作用,辛硫磷+灭多威、甲胺磷+速灭威属相加作用,但前者毒性有较大增加,后者毒性略有降低,而甲基对硫磷+灭多威呈拮抗作用。从毒代动力学、毒效动力学和所涉及的生化机制对所发生的联合作用的性质进行了讨论,认为有机磷与有机磷、有机磷与氨基甲酸酯类混配出现相加作用的较多,有机磷与拟除虫菊酯混配后则以出现协同作用或毒性增加的情况较多。
The Harris method was used to study the acute toxicity of three kinds of pesticides (organophosphate, pyrethroid and carbamate) in rats. Organophosphorus pesticides involved are: methyl parathion, omethoate, methamidophos, phoxim, dichlorvos, profenofosrate, malathion, acetoside; pyrethroid pesticides are: efficient Cypermethrin, fenvalerate, fenpropathrin, deltamethrin: carbamate pesticides are: methomyl, isopromide, speed off Granville and so on. Organophosphorus + organophosphorus or organophosphorus + pyrethroid mixed with the results showed that: dichlorvos + omethoate, methamidophos plus profenofos combined were additive role; phoxim + methyl parathion is Antagonism; Phoxim + deltamethrin, phoxim + alpha-cypermethrin, isocarbophos + fenpropathrin, methyl parathion + alpha-cypermethrin toxicity significantly increased and showed synergistic effects; Phosphorus + fenvalerate, etc., although an additive effect, but the toxicity has also increased; only deltamethrin + dichlorvos also belong to the additive effect but the toxicity was slightly reduced. Malathion + Ipragrass showed synergistic effect when organophosphorus was mixed with carbamate. Phoxim + methomyl and methamidophos + methamidophos added additively, but the toxicity of the former increased greatly. Toxicity was slightly lower, and methyl parathion + methomyl was antagonistic. From the aspects of toxicokinetics, toxicodynamics and the biochemical mechanism involved, the nature of the combined action was discussed. It was concluded that the additive effect of organophosphorus with organophosphorus, organophosphorus and carbamates More, after the combination of organophosphate and pyrethroid there is more synergies or increased toxicity.