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目的了解某医学院校公共卫生专业学生社交焦虑现状以及相关影响因素,为今后开展综合干预提供依据。方法采用社交回避及苦恼量表、状态-特质焦虑量表、父母教养方式评价量表、艾森克个性问卷和自拟量表对公共卫生专业552名本科生进行问卷调查。结果(1)被试医学生的社交焦虑总体水平8.95±5.58,不同生长地、每月不同生活费、父亲不同文化程度组别间焦虑水平差异有统计学意义。(2)社交焦虑与状态、特质焦虑,个性中的精神质、神经质和内外向,父母教养方式中的母亲拒绝、否认和惩罚、严厉,自拟量表中的害怕否定评价、学校压力正相关;与父母教养方式中的父、母情感温暖、理解,自拟量表中应付方式、家庭亲密程度、社交情绪反应、社会适应能力、社会资源与支持和对未来的期望值的负相关。(3)逐步回归显示,特质焦虑、社会资源与支持和害怕否定评价对社交焦虑的作用明显。结论医学生社交焦虑问题较普遍。学生特质焦虑、害怕否定评价和社会资源与支持对于社交焦虑作用较大。
Objective To understand the current status of social anxiety and related factors of public health majors in a medical college and provide the basis for future comprehensive intervention. Methods A total of 552 undergraduates in public health were surveyed by using social avoidance and distress scales, state-trait anxiety scale, parental rearing style evaluation questionnaire, Eysenck personality questionnaire and self-study questionnaire. Results (1) The general level of social anxiety of the tested medical students was 8.95 ± 5.58. There were significant differences in anxiety levels among groups with different living expenses, monthly living expenses and father’s different education levels. (2) Social anxiety and status, trait anxiety, psychoticism in personality, neuroticism and extroversion, mother refusal, denial and punishment in parental rearing, harshness, negative evaluation of fear in self-assessment scale, positive correlation of school stress ; Negative correlation with warmth and understanding of parents and mothers in parental rearing, coping style, cohesion in family scale, family intimacy, social emotional response, social adaptability, social resources and support, and expectation of the future. (3) Step by step regression shows that trait anxiety, social resources and support, and fear of negative appraisal have a significant effect on social anxiety. Conclusion Medical students have more common social anxiety problems. Students trait anxiety, fear of negative evaluation and social resources and support for social anxiety larger role.