巴基斯坦连年财政拮据,对科学技术的经费投入年平均仅占国民生产总值的0.4％左右,尽管如此,在某些科技领域内仍然取得了可喜进展。 1.适用技术进展显著 巴基斯坦是以农业为经济基础的、科技基础薄弱、工业技术相对落后的发展中国家。为了迅速改变工农业生产的落后面貌,历届政府十分重视适用技术的研究与发展。在这方面,科技部所属科学和工业研究理事会和适用技术理事会及其研究与发展机构,做出了重要贡献。 迄今为止,研究与发展的工艺流程已逾500项,其中350项已被公、私企业采用,年平均效益1.5亿卢比。值得提到的新工艺有:泡沫化学试剂生产工艺,压煤砖机生产工艺,海水淡化技术,矿石加 Despite years of financial constraints, Pakistan has only made an annual average of about 0.4% of its GNP investment in science and technology. However, progress has been made in certain fields of science and technology. 1. Significant advances in applicable technologies Pakistan is a developing country based on agriculture and having a weak science and technology base and relatively backward industrial technologies. In order to rapidly change the backwardness of industrial and agricultural production, successive governments attach great importance to the research and development of applicable technologies. In this regard, the Science and Industry Research Council, which belongs to the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Council for Applied Technology, and its research and development institutions have made important contributions. To date, there have been more than 500 research and development processes, of which 350 have been adopted by public and private sectors and the average annual benefit has been Rs 150 crore. It is worth mentioning that the new processes are: foam chemical reagent production process, coal brick production process, desalination technology, ore plus