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产权分化需要配套地方性制度才能提高政府支出效率,不同发展阶段必要性制度与充分性制度也存在差异。基于2009年以来的全国小农水项目样本数据,运用定性比较分析方法,研究发现共有“常规性财政投入与行政协调”、“市场化水费与农民用水自治”和“农民用水自治”三组地方性制度配置能够改善政府支出绩效,它们也依次是农田水利在落后时期、发展时期和发达时期的有效治理的必要条件。目前我国农田水利事业主要处于向后两个阶段过渡的时期,主要驱动性制度是水价和农民组织,而支农政策导向和目标仍然停留在第一阶段,政策滞后性降低了政府支出绩效。新时期的政策应该以同时深化市场化水价和发展农民用水协会为主,辅以设置常规性的财政投入制度和管水员制度。
Differentiation of property rights needs to be accompanied by local institutions in order to improve the efficiency of government expenditure. There are also differences between the necessity and adequacy systems at different stages of development. Based on the sample data of the small-scale peasant-water project in China since 2009, using the qualitative comparative analysis method, we find that there are a total of “common financial input and administrative coordination”, “market-oriented water fee and peasant water autonomy” and “ Autonomy ”three groups of local institutional allocation can improve the performance of government expenditures, they are in turn the necessary conditions for farmland water conservancy in the backward period, the development period and the developed period of effective governance. At present, China’s farmland water conservancy projects are mainly in the period of backward two periods of transition. The main driving system is water price and peasant organizations. However, the orientation and goal of supporting agriculture policies remain in the first stage. The policy lag reduces the performance of government expenditures. The policies of the new period should be based on the deepening of the market-oriented price of water and the development of peasant water associations, supplemented by the establishment of a regular financial investment system and water pipe system.