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准确理解马克思“新唯物主义”的关键在于把握其“新”在何处。为此需要探讨三个问题:“何谓唯物主义”、“如何理解马克思的历史性问题”、“马克思哲学是一种二元论还是一个有机整体”。参与对话会的学者就此展开了充分讨论,并从新的视角出发,提出了一些值得思考的理论问题和观点。从原初语境来看,与唯物主义相对立的并不是唯心主义,而是唯灵主义。在《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》中,马克思并没有将唯物主义与唯心主义严格地对立起来,而是力图从不同的角度客观诠释两者的优劣,以此来彰显“新唯物主义”的精神特质及其革命意义。当恩格斯将这一文献作为《路德维希·费尔巴哈和德国古典哲学的终结》的附录第一次公开发表时,唯物主义则是在与唯心主义的严格对立的意义上理解的。厘清这种语境上的变化,为我们准确诠释马克思“新唯物主义”的精神实质,提供了新的思路;同时,也为我们重新理解实践与历史性的关系、物质生产与历史性的关系、客观规律与主观能动性的关系、马克思哲学与二元论的关系,开辟了新的理论空间。
The key to accurately understand Marx’s “new materialism” is to grasp where “new” lies. There are three questions that need to be explored for this: “What is Materialism?”, “How to Understand Marx’s Historic Problems”, “Is Marxist Philosophy a Dualism or an Organic Whole?” The scholars participating in the Dialogue held full discussions on this issue and put forward some theoretical issues and points of view worthy of consideration from a new perspective. From the original context, the opposite of materialism is not idealism, but spiritualism. In “Theses on Feuerbach”, Marx did not confront materialism with idealism strictly, but tried hard to objectively explain the pros and cons of the two from different perspectives, thus demonstrating that “the new materialism ”Spirit and its revolutionary significance. When Engels published this document for the first time as an appendix to “the End of Ludwig Feuerbach and German Classical Philosophy,” materialism was understood in the strict antinomy of idealism. Clarifying this change in context provides a new way of thinking for us to accurately interpret the spiritual essence of Marx’s “new materialism.” At the same time, it also gives us a new understanding of the relationship between practice and history, and material production and historicity The relationship between objective law and subjective initiative, the relationship between Marxist philosophy and dualism, opened up a new theoretical space.