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2004年以来,政府实施的粮食价格支持政策在保护农民种粮积极性、维护国家粮食安全方面发挥了重要作用。然而,价格支持政策对市场的干预和扭曲作用也日益凸显。本文以粮食流通过程的加工企业环节为研究对象,分析了上下游差异性定价机制下粮食加工企业的福利变动和产量选择。分析结果显示,粮食价格支持政策下,粮食加工企业在原材料(原粮)市场和产品(成品粮)市场均存在福利损失。开放条件下低价成品进口粮的杠杆效应则进一步恶化了粮食加工企业的市场环境。最后本文根据以上结论对价格支持和进口配额框架下粮食加工企业行为选择的合理性进行分析评价。
Since 2004, the grain price support policies implemented by the government have played an important role in protecting peasants’ enthusiasm for planting grain and safeguarding national food security. However, market intervention and distortions of price support policies have also become increasingly prominent. In this paper, the process of grain circulation process of the processing enterprises as the research object, analysis of the upper and lower differential pricing mechanism of grain processing enterprises in the welfare changes and output options. The results of the analysis show that under the food price support policy, food processing enterprises have welfare losses both in the raw material (raw grain) market and in the finished product (grain) market. Under the open conditions, the leverage effect of imports of low-priced finished products further worsens the market environment for food processing enterprises. Finally, based on the above conclusions, this paper analyzes and evaluates the rationality of food processing enterprises’ behavior choice under the framework of price support and import quotas.