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由于文化背景及创始人生平和职业的差异,使得墨家与亚里士多德的德性伦理思想呈现出绝然不同的趣味:亚氏学说是以城邦自由个体为主体的、休闲的、雅致的,是在富足的基础上对优雅与繁盛的生存状态的追求,是一种“优雅的个体伦理学”;墨家学说是以天下为范围的人类整体为主体的、务实的、刚健的,是在贫困的境遇下渴求对生命匮乏状态的改善与超越,是一种“崇高的整体伦理”思想。甄别这两种古代德性伦理思想的异同并探寻其成因,不仅有助于我们深入了解优秀的中西伦理思想资源,促进传统思想资源的现代化,也有助于现代中国的道德文化建设。
Due to the difference in cultural background and founder’s life and career, Mohist ethics and Aristotle’s moral ethics show absolutely different interests: The Aristotelian theory is based on the free-polity of the city-state, which is leisure, elegant, Is the pursuit of an elegant and prosperous living condition on the basis of affluence and is an elegant individual ethic. The theory of Mohism is based on the whole human world as a sphere, pragmatic and healthy The thirst for improvement and surpassing of the state of lack of life in the poverty situation is a kind of “lofty overall ethics” thinking. Differentiating and exploring the similarities and differences between these two ancient ethical ideologies and their causes not only helps us to understand in depth the outstanding resources of Chinese and Western ethics, promote the modernization of traditional ideological resources, but also contribute to the moral and cultural construction in modern China.