随着现代科学技术的发展,生产的社会化程度越来越高,一个企业同外界各个方面的联系越来越广泛,影响企业生存、发展的外部因素也越来越多。因此,管理活动的重点不仅限于对厂内直接生产过程的组织,而且也包括对企业外部各有关环节的研究,这时 With the development of modern science and technology, the degree of socialization of production is getting higher and higher, and the connection between an enterprise and the outside world has become more and more extensive, and there are more and more external factors that affect the survival and development of the enterprise. Therefore, the focus of management activities is not limited to the organization of the direct production process within the factory, but also includes the study of relevant links outside the enterprise.