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目的了解和掌握一汽厂区急性中毒病例的临床发病特点、发病规律,以有效地提高救治成功率,及时做好中毒防范的宣教。方法收集一汽厂区2006年1月至2010年12月急诊医学科收治的急性中毒患者2 064例,根据性别、年龄、中毒的病因、中毒的物质进行分类及临床分析。结果中毒原因前几位的依次为安眠药、酒精、解热镇痛药、农药、一氧化碳、抗精神病药、杀鼠药中毒;中毒途径多为口服,自杀为主要原因(91.62%),极少数为误服(5.86%),中毒年龄段以18～40岁为最多(79.80%);男性以酒精中毒最为多见,女性以安眠药和解热镇痛药中毒居多;病死率为0.73%(15/2 064)。结论急性中毒占该区5年急诊总病例数的4.05%,中毒物种类繁多,自杀是主要原因,急诊医学科应高度重视急性中毒的抢救。
Objective To understand and grasp the clinical characteristics and incidence of acute poisoning cases in FAW plant so as to effectively improve the success rate of treatment and promptly accomplish the missionary mission of poisoning prevention. Methods A total of 2 064 acute poisoning patients admitted to the Emergency Medicine Department from January 2006 to December 2010 were collected and classified according to sex, age, cause of poisoning and poisoning substances. Results The causes of poisoning were as follows: sleeping pills, alcohol, antipyretics and analgesics, pesticides, carbon monoxide, antipsychotics and anti-psychotic drugs; poisoning was mostly oral and suicide (91.62%), with very few (5.86%), poisoning age ranged from 18 to 40 years old (79.80%). Male was the most common type of alcoholism, and women were mostly sleeping pills and antipyretic analgesics. The case fatality rate was 0.73% (15/2 064). Conclusions Acute poisoning accounts for 4.05% of the total number of 5-year emergency cases in the district. There are many kinds of poisoning and suicide is the main reason. Emergency medicine should attach great importance to the rescue of acute poisoning.