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随着水资源短缺问题的突出和弱含水层采水技术的研发,过去被忽视的弱含水层在缺水地区将成为重要的人畜饮用水水源。传统地下水开采井的工作前提是地下水对抽水井形成相对稳定的连续补给,并且水井的“采”与“补”在时间上同步。弱含水层对传统地下水开采井(管井)的补给速度缓慢,水井的“采”与“补”在时间上难以达到同步,因而不适合用管井开采。弱含水层的开采系统必须同时具备最大限度地汇集地下水和调节供水的功能,才能便于使用。因此对浅层弱含水层宜采用人工挖井开采、虹吸井群开采、群井联合供水开采;对夹层型陡倾层状含水层宜采用定向斜井开采或坑道辐射井开采。
With the outstanding problems of water shortage and the research and development of weak aquifer water harvesting technologies, the previously neglected weak aquifers will become important human and livestock drinking water sources in the water-scarce regions. The precondition of traditional groundwater exploitation wells is that groundwater forms a relatively stable continuous supply to the pumping wells, and the wells’ “mining” and “compensation” are synchronized in time. Weak aquifers are slow to replenish the traditional groundwater wells (pipe wells). It is difficult to synchronize the wells with the wells and it is not suitable for the wells. Weak aquifer mining systems must have both the ability to pool groundwater and regulate water supplies to the maximum ease of use. Therefore, the shallow aquifers should adopt artificial digging well, siphon well grouping and well grouping combined water supply. For the meso-type steep layered aquifer, it is advisable to use the directional inclined well or the tunnel radiating well.