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对中国可持续农业当前存在着两种带极端性的观点。以美国学者Ｌ．Ｂｒｏｗｎ及Ｗ．Ｒｉｖｅｒａ为代表，认为中国农业的可持续力将因人口和需求的巨大压力而不断恶化；尤其是西部地区目前的土地承载力已被超出，主张大量向外移民，土地用于畜牧或工业。另一个极端则是国内农学界的某些学者，虽然也接受“可持续”的提法，但往往用自己的意愿、而非国际通行的观点来解释可持续农业。因为担心可持续农业会“误导”减少对农业的物质投入，而提出所谓“集约化可持续农业”作为中国农业的发展模式。这就把本质性的“集约”和约束性的“可持续”位置完全颠倒了。中国农业已持续了五千多年，但要在生态、环境水资源条件“先天不足，后天失调”的基础上，主要依靠自己来解决下世纪人口达１６亿以及生活水平达“中等发达”对农产品的需求，而同时又不进一步破坏环境、资源，这是极其严竣的挑战。为此必须从改变观念、增强全民可持续发展意识、改革机制和体制、调整和制定政策、技术突破和创新等方面努力，确保农业的可持续发展。
There are currently two kinds of extreme views on sustainable agriculture in China. The American scholar L. Brown and W. Rivera as the representative believes that the sustainability of China’s agriculture will be deteriorating due to the enormous pressure of population and demand. In particular, the current land carrying capacity of the western region has been exceeded, advocating a large number of emigrant land and land for livestock husbandry or industry. At the other extreme, some scholars in the agronomy field in China, although accepting the term “sustainable,” often interpret sustainable agriculture at their own will rather than internationally. Concerned that sustainable agriculture will “mislead” the reduction of material inputs into agriculture, the so-called “intensive and sustainable agriculture” is proposed as a model for the development of agriculture in China. This completely reverses the essential “intensive” and binding “sustainable” positions. China’s agriculture has lasted for more than 5,000 years. However, on the basis of ecological and environmental conditions of water resources, which are “inherently deficient and acquired the day after tomorrow,” agriculture depends mainly on themselves to solve the problem of agricultural products with a population of 1.6 billion and a standard of living of “medium-developed” It is an extremely serious challenge to meet the needs of the environment without further damaging the environment and resources. To this end, we must make efforts to ensure the sustainable development of agriculture by changing attitudes, enhancing awareness of sustainable development of all people, reforming the mechanism and system, adjusting and formulating policies, technological breakthroughs and innovations.