从三峡库区征集到 72份玉米地方品种并分别与改良兰卡斯特和改良瑞德血缘自交系进行测配 ,利用测交结果对玉米地方品种的遗传潜势进行分析。研究表明 ,单株粒重、穗长、穗行数、行粒数和百粒重在 72份玉米地方品种间存在一定的遗传变异 ,决定品种间遗传变异的主导因子是加性效应。在 72份玉米地方品种中通过选择有可能获得单株粒重和百粒重较高、果穗较长、穗行数和行粒数较多的品种 ,通过遗传改良获得长穗大粒、穗行数和行粒数多的材料或自交系的可能性也较大 A total of 72 maize landraces were collected from the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and tested separately with improved Lancaster and improved Reit bloodline inbred lines. The genetic potential of maize landraces was analyzed by cross test. The results showed that there were some genetic variations among 72 maize landraces per plant weight per panicle, panicle length, panicle number per plant, grain number per line and 100-grain weight. The dominant factor determining the genetic variation among cultivars was additive effect. In 72 maize landraces, it was possible to obtain long-spike large grains and ear-rows by genetic improvement through the selection of the varieties with the possibility of obtaining single grain weight per plant and high 100-grain weight, longer ears, ear rows and fine grains. And the possibility of more lines of grain materials or inbred lines