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香禾糯是侗族地区广泛种植并具有重要意义的一类糯稻农家品种。探讨香禾糯地方品种多样性变化的历史与现实问题,有利于及时制定与侗族地区经济和传统文化发展相适应的香禾糯种质资源保护策略和措施。本研究运用民族植物学、文化人类学、生态学等多学科综合研究方法,自2005年以来,对贵州侗族地区香禾糯品种多样性的变化情况进行了为期12年的调查和统计。结果表明,历史上香禾糯在侗族地区的栽培和利用非常普遍,但从清雍正年间至新中国成立初期,贵州侗族地区经历了3次大型的“糯改粘”运动,导致香禾糯种植面积和品种数量大幅度减少;目前黎平、从江和榕江县侗族地区香禾糯品种大约为100个,比20世纪80年代初调查到的363个品种减少了72.5%,即使在黄岗、高仟等香禾糯种植传统保持相对较好的侗族村寨,其种植面积和品种数量也减少了50%以上,而且这种减少趋势越来越严重。香禾糯品种减少的重要原因是杂交稻的大面积推广,而近年来随着侗族地区社会、经济和文化等方面的快速发展与变迁,香禾糯品种多样性正在面临新一轮的冲击,消失速度加快。香禾糯的多样性维系与侗族的生产生活和传统文化关系密切,需要及时采取措施加以保护。
Honghe waxy is widely cultivated in the Dong region and is of great significance for a class of glutinous rice farmhouse varieties. To explore the historical and practical problems of the diversity of Honghe waxy landraces is conducive to the timely development of strategies and measures for the protection of Xiangheluo germplasm resources compatible with the economic and traditional cultural development of the Dong ethnic group. In this research, a multi-disciplinary comprehensive study of ethnobotany, cultural anthropology and ecology has been carried out for a period of 12 years since 2005 to investigate the changes of the diversity of Xianghe waxy varieties in Guizhou Dong region. The results showed that the history of Honghe waxy cultivation and utilization in the Dong area is very common, but from the Qing Emperor Yongzheng years to the founding of New China, Guizhou Dong region experienced three large “waxy sticky” campaign, leading to fragrant grass The area of waxy planting and the number of varieties have been greatly reduced. At present, there are about 100 fragrant waxy varieties in Liping, Congjiang and Rongjiang Dong regions, which is 72.5% less than the 363 varieties surveyed in the early 1980s. Even in Huanggang, Thousands such as Xianghe waxy traditional relatively well maintained Dong village, the number of its planting area and variety has also been reduced by more than 50%, and the decreasing trend is more and more serious. The important reason for the reduction of Xianghe waxy varieties is the large-scale promotion of hybrid rice. In recent years, with the rapid social, economic and cultural development and changes in the Dong ethnic region, the diversity of Honghe waxy varieties is facing a new round of impact, Disappear faster. The maintenance of the diversity of Xianghe Nuo is closely related to the production, living and traditional culture of the Dong people and requires prompt measures to be taken to protect it.