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作为20世纪西方哲学的主要代表人物,哈贝马斯和巴赫金一直被学界视为致力于对话的伦理建构理论家。笔者采用对比的方法,揭示了哈贝马斯与巴赫金的语言观在语言、语境、语旨上的主要差异。这些差异具体表现在两位思想家对规约普遍与统一差异、理想语境与开放语境以及理性沟通与平等对话等概念的不同阐释中。我们通过对以上三个方面的进一步追述和比较,得出了二者在语言观上的“殊途殊归”之结论。目前有关哈贝马斯与巴赫金语言观的对比研究,在国内学界尚未见诸于文献,本文旨在为这方面的研究提供一些相关启示。
As the main representative of Western philosophy in the 20th century, Habermas and Bakhtin have been regarded by the academic community as ethical construction theorists who are committed to dialogue. By contrast, the author reveals the main differences between Habermas and Bakhtin in their language, context and language. These differences are manifested in the different interpretations of the concepts of universal and unification differences, ideal contexts and open contexts, as well as rational and equal conversations between the two thinkers. Through the further tracing and comparison of the above three aspects, we come to the conclusion that both of them are different in language view. At present, the comparative study of Habermas and Bakhtin’s linguistic viewpoints has not been seen in the literature in the domestic academic circles. This article aims to provide some enlightenments for the research in this field.