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群众运动是1949—1978年中华人民共和国历史上一个非常重要而独特的政治现象。然而一直以来,学术界大多强调群众运动是高度集中的政治经济体制和毛泽东个人因素的结果。文章从政治社会学的角度对群众运动进行解读,认为建国以来群众运动的不断生成,既具有一种路径依赖的性质,也是危机状态下的功能需求和基于体制内资源匮乏的一种无奈选择。
The mass movement was a very important and unique political phenomenon in the history of the People’s Republic of China from 1949 to 1978. However, most scholars have all along always emphasized that the mass movement is the result of a highly centralized political and economic system and Mao Zedong’s personal factors. The article interprets the mass movement from the perspective of political sociology and holds that the continuous formation of the mass movement since the founding of the People’s Republic of China has both the nature of a path dependence and the function demand under crisis and the helpless choice based on the lack of resources in the system.