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近年来,公司投资者“筹划国籍”和“挑选条约”的行为持续引发关注,东道国提出审查公司投资者与形式国籍国的“真实联系”以限制投资者的范围。从之前将条约保护范围扩大到与投资有“真实联系”的股东,到用“真实联系”标准限制投资者诉权而对投资者定义设置限制性条件和/或纳入拒绝授惠条款,都体现了国际习惯法上“国籍真实联系”标准在国际投资协定中的发展。但国际投资协定中就如何确定公司的“真实联系”国籍尚无明确、统一的标准,给统一的投资仲裁法理的形成带来极大的不确定性,进一步细化国际投资协定相关条款的具体确定标准是极其必要且有益的。中国也有必要关注这一问题并对缔结的国际投资协定相关条款进行修改。
In recent years, concerns continue to be raised by corporate investors “planning for nationality” and “selection of treaties”, with the host country proposing a “genuine link” between corporate investors and the country of nationality to limit the scope of investors. From the previous extension of the scope of treaty protection to shareholders with “genuine contact” with the investment, to impose restrictions on investors ’definitions by restricting investors’ rights using the “true link” criteria and / or including refusal of award terms All reflect the development of the “true link of nationality” in international customary law in international investment agreements. However, there is no clear and uniform standard in the IIA for how to determine the company’s “true link” nationality, which has brought great uncertainty to the formation of a unified investment arbitration law and further refined the relevant provisions of the IIA The specific criteria are extremely necessary and useful. It is also necessary for China to pay attention to this issue and make amendments to the relevant provisions of the concluded IIA.