谈到“脸谱”,人们最容易想到花脸。其实戏曲所有行当如生、旦、净、丑等都有各自的脸谱,从而构成了戏曲艺术塑造不同人物形象的传统的化妆程式。丑行由来已久,可以远溯到春秋、秦、汉的“俳优”和唐代的“参军戏”。宋、金、元时期的戏曲文献中已有“丑扮”的字眼出现,但不知是什么样子。在已出土的文物中,侯马金墓的戏台模型可算是最早的戏曲形象资料了,它较之墓葬壁画、画象砖等更为具体、形象。在这个戏台模型里的五个砖雕演员形象中,可以看到接近今天戏曲丑行的造型程式(面部正中抹一方自粉),看来比花脸脸谱要早一些。 Speaking of “Facebook”, people most likely to think of painted face. In fact, all the trades of the opera, such as life, den, net, ugly, have their own Facebook, which constitutes the traditional art of makeup make-up of different characters. The scandal has a long history and can be traced back to Spring and Autumn, Qin and Han’s “Gouyou” and the “Senate operas” in the Tang Dynasty. In the Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties, the word “Ugly Dress” appeared in the drama literature, but I do not know what it is like. Among the unearthed relics, the stage model of Houma Jin Tomb can be regarded as the earliest drama image data, which is more concrete and image than the tomb murals and portrait bricks. In the model of the five brick carvings in this stage model, you can see that the modeling program close to today’s opera scandal (with a powder in the middle of the face) seems to be earlier than the masquerade.