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采用Probit双变量计量模型,基于湖南省农村土地经营权抵押贷款试点地区381个农户的调查数据,对影响农户的农村土地抵押和担保贷款融资的供求影响因素进行对比分析。结果显示:实际耕种面积、是否大户、固定资产净值及大事件,对农户担保贷款融资需求影响显著;实际耕种面积、工资收入占比、农村土地流入及农村土地价值评估,对农户的农村土地抵押贷款融资需求影响显著。在存在需求约束条件下,两种贷款均显示农业大户更易满足融资需求,但担保贷款同农户的社会关系和资产、农村土地抵押贷款同信用度联系密切。在当前市场条件和法律环境中,农村土地抵押贷款交易成本和信贷风险较大,商业银行优先选择农业大户和信用度较高的存量客户,农村土地抵押贷款对破解小农户融资困境并无显著效果。
Based on the survey data of 381 farmers in the pilot area of rural land management right mortgage loan in Hunan Province, Probit dual-variable measurement model was used to compare the supply and demand factors of rural land mortgage and guarantee loan financing that affect farmers. The results showed that: the actual cultivated area, whether large, net fixed assets and major events have a significant impact on the demand for secured loans for farmers; the actual cultivated area, the proportion of wage income, rural land inflow and rural land value assessment, rural land mortgage Loan financing needs have a significant impact. Under the condition of demand constraint, both kinds of loans show that it is easier for big farmers to meet financing needs. However, the relationship between loans and rural households is closely linked with the assets and rural land mortgage loan. In the current market conditions and legal environment, rural land mortgage loan transaction costs and credit risk are relatively large. Commercial banks give priority to large agricultural households and credit customers with high credit quality. Rural land mortgage loans have no significant effect on solving the financing difficulties of small-scale farmers.