Expression profi les of ten pathogenesis-related(PR) genes during plant defense against Fusarium, Yellow dwarf virus(YDV) aphid-transmitted and Hessian fly(Hf) were compared temporally in both resistant and susceptible genotypes following pathogen infection or insect infestation. Quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR) revealed that PR1, PR2, PR3, PR5, PR6, PR8, PR9, and PR15 appeared to be induced or suppressed independently in response to Fusarium, YDV aphid-transmitted or Hf during the interactions. The PR gene(s) essential to defense against one organism may play little or no role in defense against another pathogen or pest, suggesting the alternative mechanisms may be involved in different interactions of wheatFusarium, wheat-YDV aphid-transmitted and wheat-Hf. However, strong up- or down-regulation of PR12 and PR14 encoding low molecular membrane acting protein, defensin and lipid transfer protein(LTP), respectively, had been detected after either pathogen infection or insect infestation, therefore showed broad responses to pathogens and insects. It was postulated that low molecular proteins such as defensins and LTPs might play a role in the early stages of pathogenesis in the signaling process that informs plants about the attack from biotic stresses. In addition, a synergistic action between different PR genes might exist in plants to defense certain pathogens and insects on the basis of comprehensive expression profi ling of various pathogenesis-related genes revealed by qRT-PCR in this study. Expression profi les of ten pathogenesis-related (PR) genes during plant defense against Fusarium, Yellow dwarf virus (YDV) aphid-transmitted and Hessian fly (Hf) were compared temporally in both resistant and susceptible genotypes following pathogen infection or insect infestation. The results of real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed that PR1, PR2, PR3, PR5, PR6, PR8, PR9 and PR15 were either induced or suppressed in response to Fusarium, YDV aphid-transmitted or Hf during the interactions. PR gene (s) essential to defense against one organism may play little or no role in defense against another pathogen or pest, suggesting the alternative mechanisms may be involved in different interactions of wheat Fauna, wheat-YDV aphid-transmitted and wheat-Hf. , strong up- or down-regulation of PR12 and PR14 encoding low molecular membrane acting protein, defensin and lipid transfer protein (LTP), respectively, had been detected either after pathogen infection or insect infesta tion, therefore showed broad responses to pathogens and insects. It was postulated that low molecular proteins such as defensins and LTPs might play in a role in the early stages of pathogenesis in the signaling process that informs plants about the attack from biotic stresses. a synergistic action between different PR genes may exist in plants to defense certain pathogens and insects on the basis of comprehensive expression profi ling of various pathogenesis-related genes revealed by qRT-PCR in this study.