目的　探讨聚合酶链反应 (PCR)加反相杂交技术在细菌DNA检测中的应用。方法　以 16SrRNA基因为靶序列 ,设计引物及寡核苷酸探针 ,采用PCR法加反相杂交检测标准菌株及临床标本细菌NDA。结果　对 2 0种标准菌株进行PCR扩增 ,均出现 371bp长度的DNA片段 ,敏感性试验可检测出 1× 10 -12 g的细菌DNA ,与人基因组及病毒无交叉反应 ;2 2份血培养阳性标本及 4份脑脊液培养阳性标本均扩增出 371bp长度DNA条带 ,反相杂交区分革兰阳性或阴性细菌与培养结果相符。结论　 16SrRNA基因PCR加反相杂交技术检则细菌DNA ,具有特异、敏感、快速、准确的特点 ,可为细胞感染的临床诊断提供依据 Objective To investigate the application of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) plus reverse-phase hybridization in bacterial DNA detection. Methods 16S rRNA gene was used as target sequence to design primers and oligonucleotide probes. The standard strains and clinical samples of bacteria NDA were detected by PCR and reverse phase hybridization. Results PCR amplification of 20 standard strains showed a 371bp length DNA fragment. The sensitivity test could detect 1 × 10 -12g bacterial DNA without cross-reaction with human genome and virus. 371bp DNA bands were amplified in positive samples and 4 positive samples of cerebrospinal fluid culture respectively. The results of reverse hybridization showed that Gram-positive or negative bacteria were consistent with the culture results. Conclusion 16S rRNA gene PCR plus reverse phase hybridization to detect bacterial DNA has the characteristics of specificity, sensitivity, rapidity and accuracy, which can provide basis for the clinical diagnosis of cell infection