非洲国家贫困的普遍性、区域性、长期性特征,以及政府在掌控国家公共资源的支配特性,决定了政府在国家减贫中应发挥主导和决定性的作用。其主要表现在:通过行政手段和执政资源,将减贫纳入国家发展战略与执政党的施政纲领及执政目标之一,奠定国家减贫的制度基础;通过调整财政支出、信贷资金等经济手段,加大减贫的资金投入,构筑减贫的物质经济基础;通过土地改革、鼓励中小企业发展等政策手段,给穷人提供更多参与经济活动的机会,增加穷人的收入;实施专项减贫计划,实行有针对性的减贫。而政府在减贫中也有诸多局限性。为保证非洲国家政府在减贫中取得实效,需要处理好政府与市场、私营企业和非政府组织,以及穷人的关系。 The universality, regional and long-term nature of poverty in African countries and the dominant nature of the government in controlling the country’s public resources determine that the government should play a leading and decisive role in the national poverty reduction. Its main manifestations are: to bring poverty reduction into one of the national development strategies and the ruling party’s governance agenda and its governing objectives through administrative means and resources for governance, and to lay the institutional foundation for the country’s poverty reduction; by adjusting economic instruments such as fiscal expenditure and credit funds, Increase investment in poverty reduction and build a material and economic basis for poverty reduction; provide policy-making tools for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises through land reform and other policies and measures, provide more opportunities for the poor to participate in economic activities and increase their incomes; implement special poverty reduction plans, Targeted poverty reduction. The government also has many limitations in reducing poverty. To ensure the effectiveness of African governments in reducing poverty, the relationship between the government and the market, the private sector and non-governmental organizations, and the poor needs to be properly managed.