魏玛共和国时期的文化经历了从早期的自由多元走向保守现实到最后趋于悲观和极端,纳粹主义恶性膨胀,为希特勒篡夺政权提供良机。希特勒上台后,制定并实施了一系列的文化政策使文化成为极权统治的重要工具。纳粹文化政策有三个维度:一是纳粹政府控制文化领域的思想和原则;二是文化政策管理机制;三是文化政策的推行。高压专制的文化政策导致德意志第三帝国的文化荒漠,造成德国文化的一个断裂,这一时期的流亡文化则是德国文化的延续。 During the period of the Weimar Republic, the culture experienced a conservative and pessimistic transition from the early liberalization of pluralism to the ultimate pessimism and extremeness. Nazism was viciously expanded and provided a good opportunity for Hitler to usurp political power. After Hitler took office, he formulated and implemented a series of cultural policies to make culture an important tool of totalitarian rule. Nazi cultural policy has three dimensions: First, the Nazi government control the field of culture ideas and principles; second is the cultural policy management mechanism; third is the implementation of cultural policies. High-pressure autocratic cultural policy led to the cultural empire of the Third Reich of Germany, resulting in a break of German culture. The exile culture during this period was a continuation of German culture.