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现实主义是文学批评和文学研究中习用的专门术语,最早出现在德国著名剧作家席勒给威廉·亨布尔特的信中。1现实主义,作为一种文艺思潮、文学运动和创作方法,以浪漫主义的对立面在法国兴起而独具自身特点。它从法国文学家司汤达的作品《红与黑》问世开始,经过泰纳、别林斯基乃至20世纪卢卡奇等理论家的阐释和发展,以及巴尔扎克、福楼拜、陀思妥耶夫斯基、狄更斯、托尔斯泰等伟大作家的创作实践而日趋丰富。现实主义理论在马克思和恩格斯对现实
Realism is a specialized term used in literary criticism and literary studies. It first appeared in the letter to William Humbert, the famous German playwright Schiller. As a literary trend of thought, literary movement and method of creation, realism, with the rise of romanticism in France, has its own unique characteristics. It begins with the publication of French writer Stendhal’s works “Red and Black”, through the interpretation and development of the theorists such as Taina, Belinsky and even the 20th century Lukacs, as well as the Balzac, Flaubert, Tuo The creation and practice of such great writers as Dostoevsky, Dickens, and Tolstoy have become more and more abundant. Realism in Marx and Engels on reality