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目的探讨癌症患者发生医院感染的易患因素及防范措施。方法采用回顾性调查方法,对577例接受放、化疗的恶性肿瘤患者出现医院感染的95例进行调查分析。结果95例恶性肿瘤患者共发生125例医院感染。长期住院、老年人、晚期肿瘤及放、化疗是医院感染的主要危险因素,感染部位以呼吸系统和口腔为主。病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌、革兰阳性球菌和真菌多见。结论恶性肿瘤患者医院感染随年龄的增长、住院时间的延长及病期发展而增加。放化疗是重要的感染因素。应对恶性肿瘤患者加强支持治疗,提高机体抵抗力,及时发现感染灶,及早选择适宜抗生素进行治疗。
Objective To investigate the risk factors and preventive measures of nosocomial infection in cancer patients. Methods A retrospective survey was conducted to investigate the clinical data of 95 cases of nosocomial infections in 577 patients with malignant tumor treated with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Results A total of 125 cases of nosocomial infections occurred in 95 patients with malignant tumors. Long-term hospitalization, the elderly, advanced cancer and radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the main risk factors for nosocomial infections. The main infection areas are respiratory system and oral cavity. Gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive cocci and fungi more common. Conclusions The nosocomial infection in patients with malignant tumors increases with age, length of hospital stay and stage of disease. Chemotherapy is an important infectious factor. Patients with malignant tumors should be strengthened supportive treatment, improve the body’s resistance, timely detection of infection, early selection of appropriate antibiotics for treatment.