班杜拉的实验证明,通过形成表象和口头描述,也能使儿童模仿榜样行为。儿童不需要强化,也能学习1965年,美国心理学家阿尔伯特·班杜拉作出了一个后来被认为很激进的陈述:儿童能够仅仅通过观察一个社会榜样的行为而学习,无须自己先表现出某种行为或者因为表现出这个行为而受到强化。这种“非联系的”学习显然跟斯金纳的理论不一致,后者认为,人必须先表现出一个反应并得到强化,才能习得该行为。 Bandura’s experiments show that children can also imitate role models through the formation of representations and verbal descriptions. Children do not need to be strengthened, and they can learn. In 1965, American psychologist Albert Bandura made a statement later thought to be radical: children can learn by observing a social example only, without having to present it themselves A certain behavior or because of this behavior is shown to be strengthened. This “non-relational” learning apparently is inconsistent with Skinner’s theory, which argues that one must exhibit and reinforce one in order to acquire that behavior.