工业化的大规模发展,对材料的综合性能要求越来越高,特别是在航天、航空、电子、汽车以及先进武器系统等领域,传统的单一材料越来越不能满足各领域对材料功能的需求。因此,拥有高比强度、高比模量、良好的导热和导电性、耐磨性、高温性能、低的热膨胀系数、高的尺寸稳定性等优异综合性能的新材料受到广大研究人员的重视。20世纪80年代初,日本丰田汽车首次采用在铝基材料中添加陶瓷纤维的方式制备了发动机活塞并获得了成功。之后,这一新材料的制作方法得到了迅速发展。20世纪80年代末出现了一系列新的材料制 With the rapid development of industrialization, the overall performance requirements of materials are getting higher and higher. Especially in the fields of aerospace, aviation, electronics, automobiles and advanced weapon systems, the traditional single materials can not meet the needs of materials in various fields . Therefore, new materials with excellent comprehensive properties such as high specific strength, high specific modulus, good thermal and electrical conductivity, wear resistance, high temperature performance, low thermal expansion coefficient and high dimensional stability have attracted the attention of researchers. In the early 1980s, Japan’s Toyota made the first successful piston engine by adding ceramic fibers to aluminum-based materials. Since then, the production of this new material has been rapid development. A series of new material systems emerged in the late 1980s