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霉菌对人和文物都会产生危害,易使人感染到传染性疾病,对文物特别是有机质文物的影响尤为严重,使文物粘连腐烂分解,产生霉斑,影响文物品质。治病需先知因,为了使防霉工作做到有的放矢,需要对文物上的霉菌进行准确鉴定。本文从出土文物上采取水样、泥样,在实验室对其中含有的优势真菌进行分离及鉴定,通过菌落显微形态特征,培养特性,运用DNA-ITS和β-tubulin生物学方法等研究分析,最终确认7株霉菌菌株全部为青霉菌属,与已知菌的同源性均达到99%以上,分别为1.Penicillium polonicum,2.Penicilliumrugulosum,3.Penicillium sp,4和7.Penicillium chrysogenum,5和6.Penicillium dipodomyicola。并且得出了这些霉菌的生长温度曲线,适宜生长温度范围为20℃-35℃,在条件允许下,可降低室内温度,用物理方法控制真菌的生长速度,为文物的保存和防霉提供了有力的科学依据。
Molds will cause harm to people and cultural relics, make people infected with infectious diseases easily, and have a particularly serious impact on cultural relics, especially organic relics. The mildew will decompose relics and cause mildew spots and affect the quality of cultural relics. To cure need prophecy, in order to make mold work to be targeted, you need to accurately identify the mold on the artifacts. In this paper, water samples and mud samples were taken from the unearthed cultural relics, and the dominant fungi contained therein were isolated and identified in the laboratory. Through the colony microscopic morphological characteristics and culture characteristics, the DNA-ITS and β-tubulin biological methods were used to study and analyze , Finally confirmed that all of the seven molds were Penicillium, all of which had homology of 99% with the known ones, which were 1. Penicillium polonicum, 2. Penicillium rugulosum, 3. Penicillium sp, 4 and 7. Penicillium chrysogenum, 5 and 6. Penicillium dipodomyicola. And obtained the growth curve of these molds, suitable growth temperature range of 20 ℃ -35 ℃, under the conditions allowed to reduce the indoor temperature, the physical control of fungal growth rate, preservation and anti-millennium cultural heritage provided Strong scientific basis.