目的探讨更简易和合理有效的前列腺增生(BPH)动物模型的建立方法,并对比分析其不同特点。方法选用40只BALB/C小鼠,随机分为对照组(去势睾酮组)和实验组(非去势睾酮组),两组均为20只。对照组先作双侧睾丸切除术,而实验组则做同一切口但不切除睾丸。1周后,两组小鼠都同时给予丙酸睾酮(12.5mg/kg·d-1)腹腔内连续注射20d,第21天所有小鼠均采血处死。解剖观察前列腺特点并称重,做病理检查,血清作睾酮、雌二醇和血管内皮生长因子检测。结果两组小鼠BPH模型均建立成功。实验组前列腺增生较对照组更明显(P<0.05),呈单侧腹侧叶结节状非对称性增生,与临床BPH发病机制和病理相比,对照组更接近。结论小鼠不经去势而使用睾酮原液腹腔内注射,可获更为简易和合理的BPH模型。 Objective To explore a more simple and reasonable method of establishing a BPH animal model and to compare and analyze its different characteristics. Methods Forty BALB / C mice were randomly divided into control group (testosterone group) and test group (non-testosterone group), 20 in both groups. In the control group, bilateral orchiectomy was performed first, while in the experimental group, the same incision was made but the testis was not excised. One week later, both groups of mice were injected intraperitoneally with testosterone propionate (12.5 mg / kg · d-1) for 20 days. All the mice were sacrificed on the 21st day. Anatomical observation of prostate characteristics and weighing, pathological examination, serum testosterone, estradiol and vascular endothelial growth factor test. Results Both models of BPH mice were established successfully. Prostatic hyperplasia in the experimental group was more obvious than that in the control group (P <0.05), showing unilateral hyperplasia of the ventral nodular nodules. Compared with the pathogenesis and pathology of clinical BPH, the control group was more similar. Conclusion Mice injected intraperitoneally with testosterone solution without castration can obtain a more simple and rational BPH model.