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为了探明滴灌滴头流量一致条件下,不同灌水量处理对绿洲防护林地土壤水盐随时间分布的影响,采用30L.株-1.次-1(处理Ⅰ)、40L.株-1.次-1(处理Ⅱ)、50L.株-1.次-1(处理Ⅲ)不同处理对比试验,在塔里木河下游喀拉米吉镇绿洲人工栽培的防护林地进行了野外滴灌监测。结果表明:①处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的剖面平均含水量分别达6.68%、8.99%、9.92%,土壤湿润锋运移的水平距离分别为58、62、74cm,垂直深度分别为40、50、67cm,表明灌水量决定土壤含水量的高低,灌水量增加有利于水分在水平和垂直方向的渗透。②处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的盐分锋值水平方向位置为40、52、63cm,垂直方向为41、45、55cm,脱盐率分别为62.2%、67.0%、76.5%,灌水量的增加有利于土壤的脱盐。③随着时间的推移,处理Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ土壤0～60cm主要根系分布层分别在第5天、第11天、第15天土壤贮水亏缺度达到23.91%～59.25%,33.38%～51.75%,39.69%～56.53%,表层积盐同时达到最大。本研究认为防护林地滴灌水量40～50L.株-1.次-1、滴灌周期以11～15d比较适宜,可为极端干旱区防护林的合理灌溉和防治土壤次生盐渍化提供科学依据,具有一定的现实意义。
In order to find out the effect of different irrigation volume on soil water and salt distribution over time in oasis shelterbelts with the same drip irrigation flow rate, 30L. -1 (treatment Ⅱ), 50L. Strain -1. (-1) (treatment Ⅲ). The field drip irrigation monitoring was conducted in artificial shelterbelts planted in the oasis of the oasis in the hinterland of the hinterland of the hinterland of the lower Tarim River. The results showed that: (1) The average water cut of section Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ reached 6.68%, 8.99% and 9.92% respectively, the horizontal distance of wetting front movement was 58, 62 and 74cm respectively and the vertical depth was 40 and 50, 67cm, indicating that the amount of irrigation determines the level of soil moisture, increased irrigation is conducive to the horizontal and vertical water infiltration. ② The salt front of treatments Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ were located in the horizontal direction of 40, 52 and 63 cm, vertical direction of 41, 45 and 55 cm, the desalination rates were 62.2%, 67.0% and 76.5%, respectively. Desalination. ③ With the passage of time, the water deficit of soil in 0-60 cm soil layers of treatments Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ were 23.91% -59.25% and 33.38% ~ 5% on the 5th, 11th and 15th days respectively, 51.75%, 39.69% ~ 56.53%, surface salt at the same time reach the maximum. In this study, the drip irrigation water volume of the shelterbelt was 40-50L. -1, and the drip irrigation cycle was suitable for 11-15 days, which could provide a scientific basis for the reasonable irrigation of the shelterbelt in the arid region and the prevention and cure of secondary salinification of soil, A certain practical significance.