论文部分内容阅读
生产水足迹是指支持一个国家(地区)在其本地产品生产与服务供给过程中所需要的淡水资源量,无论产品与服务在哪里被消费,生产水足迹由蓝水足迹、绿水足迹和灰水足迹组成。水资源压力是指一个国家或地区生活、生产需要消耗的地表或地下水资源量(等于区域总生产水足迹与绿水足迹的差值)占该地区可更新水资源总量的比重。本文评估了1985–2009年中国生产水足迹,分析了中国水资源压力及其时空分布特征。研究结果显示:中国生产水足迹从1985年的7815.8×108 m~3到2009年的11097.6×108 m~3逐年升高,大型城市、农业不发达地区的生产水足迹水平低,以农业经济为主的地区生产水足迹高;中国水资源高度至重度压力地区主要集中华北、华中等黄河和长江的下游地区,且大多地区水资源压力逐渐加重,有从北方向南方演变的趋势。总体来说,中国水资源利用现状不容乐观。
The production water footprint is the amount of freshwater resources needed to support a country’s production and service provision of its local products, regardless of where products and services are consumed, the production water footprint consists of a blue water footprint, a green water footprint, and a gray Water footprint composition. Water stress refers to the proportion of surface or groundwater resources (equivalent to the difference between the total regional water footprint and the green water footprint) consumed by a country or region in the total renewable water resources in the region. This article assesses China’s production water footprint from 1985 to 2009 and analyzes the pressure on water resources in China and their temporal and spatial distribution. The results show that China’s production water footprint increased from 7815.8 × 108 m 3 in 1985 to 11097.6 × 108 m 3 in 2009, while the production water footprint in large cities and underdeveloped areas in agriculture is low. Based on the agricultural economy, The main producing areas in the country have a high water footprint. In China, water stress areas are mainly concentrated in the lower reaches of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River in central China, such as North China and Central China, and the pressure on water resources is gradually increasing in most areas. This trend tends to evolve from the north to the south. In general, the status quo of water resources utilization in China is not optimistic.