福柯是从国家治理的角度去研究18世纪以来的自由主义的。在他那里,自由主义并非一种政治、哲学、法学或经济学意义上的理论或思潮,而只是在具体的国家治理实践中诞生的一种新型治理艺术,一种对自由加以组织和管理的技术,其目标是维护社会的健康和安全。 Foucault studied the liberalism of the 18th century from the perspective of state governance. In him, liberalism is not a theory or trend of thought in the political, philosophical, legal or economic sense, but a new kind of governing art born in the practice of specific state governance, a kind of organization and management of freedom Technology, the goal is to maintain social health and safety.