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为有效提取岩石失稳破坏的前兆信息,针对岩石试样在外载荷作用下失稳破坏前伴随有微震、电荷感应、自电位和声发射等信号的变化特性,建立岩石变形破裂过程多参量综合监测系统,对试样在不同加载速率下变形破裂过程微震、电荷感应、自电位和声发射进行同步监测。实验结果表明:试样在失稳破坏前都有明显的微震、电荷感应、自电位和声发射前兆信号,岩石性质不同,岩石变形破裂过程中微震、电荷感应、自电位和声发射信号明显不同,花岗斑岩的前兆信号比大理岩的前兆信号明显丰富。声发射监测数据能较好地反映岩石的微小破裂情况,可利用声发射进行微裂纹的定位,可以较好地反映电荷感应和自电位前兆信息,试样变形破裂过程的电荷感应和自电位信号比微震信号更早发生,受到的干扰更小,可利用早期的电荷感应和自电位信号进行提前预警,当频繁出现同步且幅值较大的各参量信号时,表明岩石即将进入失稳破坏阶段,可利用微震和声发射对微裂纹进行定位,微震、电荷感应、自电位和声发射信号相互对比分析从而准确获得岩石失稳破坏的前兆信息。
In order to extract the precursory information of rock instability damage effectively, aiming at the characteristics of rock specimen deformation accompanied with the characteristics of micro-earthquake, charge induction, self-potential and acoustic emission before the failure under external load, a multi-parameter comprehensive monitoring System, the microseismicity, charge induction, self-potential and acoustic emission of the sample during deformation and rupture under different loading rates are monitored synchronously. The experimental results show that the microseismicity, charge induction, self-potential and acoustic emission precursory signals and rock properties before the destabilization are all obvious. The signals of microseismicity, charge induction, self-potential and acoustic emission are obviously different during the deformation and rupture of rock , The precursor signal of granite porphyry is significantly richer than that of marble. Acoustic emission monitoring data can well reflect the rock micro-cracking situation, the use of acoustic emission micro-crack location, can better reflect the charge induction and self-potential precursor information, sample deformation and rupture process of charge induction and self-potential signal Which occurs earlier than microseismic signals and receives less interference. Early warning can be made by using early charge induction and self-potential signals. Frequent occurrence of synchronous and large amplitude signals indicates that the rock is about to enter the stage of destabilization , Microseismic and acoustic emission can be used to locate micro-cracks, and micro-seismic, charge-induced, self-potential and acoustic emission signals can be compared with each other to obtain accurate precursor information of rock failure.