土壤是固态地球表面具有生命活动、处于生物与环境间进行物质循环和能量交换的疏松表层。它既是独立的历史自然体，也是最易受人类活动影响、为人类提供食物的自然资源。科学地开发和利用土壤在国民经济建设，特别是在农业生产和改善环境中具有重要作用。土壤学作为主要研究土壤中的物质运动规律及其与环境间相互关系的科学，是农业科学和资源环境科学的基础学科之一。随着自然科学的发展，土壤学的研究不断有新的推进。特别是当前世界进入以经济、科技为主体的竞争年代，人类面临人口－资源－环境间的尖锐矛盾，使土壤学面临着十分严峻的挑战。本报告分析了土壤学的发展趋向及我国土壤学发展中的主要问题，提出了我国土壤学近期研究的重点领域、发展的措施和展望。 Soil is a loose surface on the surface of the earth that has life activity and is subject to material circulation and energy exchange between living things and the environment. It is both an independent historical natural body and the natural resource that is most vulnerable to human activities and providing food for human beings. The scientific development and utilization of soils play an important role in the national economy, especially in agricultural production and environmental improvement. Soil science is one of the basic disciplines that mainly studies the law of material movement in the soil and its relationship with the environment. It is one of the basic disciplines of agricultural science and resources and environmental science. With the development of natural sciences, the research of soil science continues to make new advances. In particular, when the current world is entering a competition era dominated by economy and science and technology, human beings face sharp conflicts between population, resources and environment, which makes soil science a very serious challenge. This report analyzes the development trend of soil science and the major problems in the development of soil science in our country. It puts forward the key fields, the measures and the prospects for the development of soil science in China in recent years.