采用子房注射法将南瓜总 DNA导入西瓜 ,企望使西瓜和南瓜实现分子水平上的远缘杂交 ,从而获得整合有控制抗病的南瓜 DNA片段而不改变受体西瓜农艺性状的西瓜新种质。用该方法在西瓜自交授粉后 2 4h从子房顶端将 1 5 μl南瓜 DNA注入胚囊中 ,经病圃田间筛选和 6代自交纯化已获得 5份稳定西瓜新材料。经苗期人工接种和病圃田间自然抗病鉴定 ,其抗病性明显提高。所获抗病材料的品质与受体无明显差异。其中 2份材料的果皮色泽和花纹是不同于供受体的新变异类型。试验表明 ,子房注射法将外源 DNA导入西瓜是一种简便实用的分子育种方法 ,是解决西瓜抗病种质资源匮乏和遗传基础狭窄的有效途径 Using the method of ovary injection, the total DNA of pumpkin was introduced into watermelon, hoping to make distant hybridization on watermelon and pumpkin at the molecular level, so as to obtain the new germplasm of watermelon integrated with the DNA fragment of pumpkin that controlled disease resistance without changing the agronomic traits of the recipient watermelon . Using this method, 15 μl of pumpkin DNA was injected into embryo sac from the top of ovary 24 h after pollination of self-pollination of watermelon. Five new stable watermelon materials were obtained through field screening and 6 generations of self-purification. By seedling artificial inoculation and natural disease identification in the field nursery, the disease resistance was significantly improved. There was no significant difference in the quality of the disease-resistant material obtained from the recipient. Two of these materials had different peel color and pattern than the new variants for the recipient. Experiments show that the ovary injection of foreign DNA into the watermelon is a simple and practical method of molecular breeding, watermelon disease-resistant germplasm to solve the lack of resources and narrow genetic basis effective way