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一、马克思主义的实践观对我国传统哲学中的知行问题作了全面的科学的总结 首先,实践观是对一切旧的知行学说的批判。马克思主义的实践观主张人的正确认识只能从实践中来,只有在改造客观世界的斗争中,人的感觉器官才能同外界事物相接触,客观对象才能反映到头脑中来。人“不能在封建社会就预知资本主义社会的规律”。认识只能来源于实践,这是马克思主义的认识论的一个基本观点。 其次,马克思主义实践观科学地总结了中国哲学史和全部认识史。 1.科学的实践观纠正了中国哲学史上关于认识发展过程的各种片面的和错误的理论。孟轲一派主张“静思”是“通”即是达到真理的唯一途径。这就否认了人的认识是开始于感觉经验,理性认识必须从感性认识得来,这就是抛弃了认识论的唯物论,陷入了唯心主义,与孟轲相反,墨翟则只承认感觉经验的可靠性,而不承认理性认识的可靠性,他的错误在于它们仅是片面的东西,这种反映是不完全的。在实践的基础上的认识有一个由浅入深、从低级阶段到高级阶段的发展过程。
First, the Marxist view of practice on the traditional Chinese philosophy of knowledge and conduct made a comprehensive and scientific summary First of all, the concept of practice is all the old theory of knowledge and criticism. The Marxist practice view advocates that people’s correct understanding can only come from practice. Only in the struggle to transform the objective world can people’s sensory organs come into contact with external things and objective objects can be reflected in their minds. People “can not predict the law of capitalist society in feudal society.” Knowledge can only come from practice, which is a basic view of Marxist epistemology. Secondly, Marxist practice view scientifically summed up the history of Chinese philosophy and all the history of cognition. 1. The Scientific Outlook on Practice has corrected all kinds of unilateral and wrong theories about the process of understanding in the history of Chinese philosophy. The only way for Meng Ke to advocate “meditation” as “communication” is to reach the truth. This denies that human cognition begins with sensory experience. Rational cognition must derive from perceptual knowledge. That is to abandon the epistemological materialism and fall into idealism. Contrary to Meng Ke, Mo Zhai only admits that the sensory experience is reliable Sex, without admitting the reliability of rational knowledge, his mistake is that they are only one-sided things, this reflection is incomplete. On the basis of practice, there is an understanding of the process of development from the shallower to the deeper, from the lower stage to the advanced stage.