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人性问题是人类永恒的话题。英国哲学家休谟曾这样评价它“一切科学对于人性总是或多或少的有些联系,任何科学不论它离人性有多远,他们总是通过这样那样的途径回到人性。”[1]法是人类意志的产物,自然与人性有着千丝万缕的联系。特别是民法,这个与个体关系最密切联系的法律更是如此。因此,无论从哪个角度来说,关于人性问题的研究,对我们法律工作者尤其是研究者来说是有重要意义的。它一方面为我们的法学研究指明了方向,另一方面对我们的制度构建也是大有裨益的。本文就以人性为视角,从民法与人性的关系入手,先从理论上探寻民事自助行为的人性基础,再扎根于具体的民事基本制度,从人性角度分析了建立民事自助行为制度的可行性、必要性,并从人性化的角度构建了一个包括构成要件、责任承担以及合理规制在内的相对合理的民事自主行为制度。
Humanity is the eternal topic of mankind. Hume, a British philosopher, once commented on it: “All science is always more or less associated with human nature, and no science, no matter how far away from humanity it is, returns to humanity in such a way.” Law is the product of the will of mankind, and nature and humanity are inextricably linked. This is particularly the case with civil law, which is the law most relevant to the individual. Therefore, no matter from which perspective, the research on human nature is of great significance to our legal workers, especially researchers. On the one hand, it points the way for our jurisprudence research and on the other hand, it also helps us to build our system. Starting from the perspective of human nature and starting from the relationship between civil law and human nature, this paper explores the human nature foundation of civil self-help behavior theoretically and then takes root in the concrete civil basic system. From the perspective of human nature, it analyzes the feasibility of establishing civil self- Necessity and constructs a relatively reasonable system of civil autonomy including constitutional requirements, responsibility assumption and reasonable regulation from the perspective of humanity.