目的:探讨养阴润目丸对干眼大鼠结膜上皮细胞肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)表达的影响。方法:SPF级雄性SD大鼠60只随机分成正常组、假手术组、养阴润目丸组、新泪然组和模型组,每组12只(24眼)。造模成功后,各组按相应处理方式连续干预3个月,实验结束后采用原位杂交法检测干眼大鼠结膜上皮细胞中TNF-αm RNA和NF-κB m RNA的表达。结果:连续干预3个月后,养阴润目丸组、新泪然组、模型组的SIT及BUT测定结果较正常组、假手术组为低(P<0.01),其中,养阴润目丸组、新泪然组结果高于模型组(P<0.01)。养阴润目丸组、新泪然组、模型组的结膜上皮细胞TNF-αm RNA和NF-κB m RNA的表达显著高于正常组、假手术组(P<0.01),其中,模型组较养阴润目丸组、新泪然组表达更高(P<0.01)。结论:养阴润目丸能够有效改善眼表症状,增加泪液分泌量,延长泪膜破裂时间,下调干眼大鼠结膜上皮细胞中TNF-α和NF-κB基因表达,这可能是其治疗干眼的重要机制之一。 Objective: To investigate the effects of Yangyin Runmu pill on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in conjunctival epithelial cells of dry eye rats. Methods: Sixty SPF male SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, sham operation group, Yangyin Runmu group, Xinran group and model group, 12 rats in each group (24 eyes). After successful modeling, each group was continuously treated for 3 months according to the corresponding treatment. After the experiment, the expression of TNF-αmRNA and NF-κB m RNA in conjunctival epithelial cells of dry eye were detected by in situ hybridization. Results: After 3 months of continuous intervention, the results of SIT and BUT in Yangyurunmu group, Xinran group and model group were lower than those in normal group and sham operation group (P <0.01). Among them, Pill group, new tears group than the model group (P <0.01). The expression of TNF-αmRNA and NF-κB m RNA in Yangyin Runmu pill group, Xinranran group and model group were significantly higher than those in normal group and sham operation group (P <0.01) Yangyin Runmu pill group, New tears group higher expression (P <0.01). Conclusion: Yangyin Runmu pills can effectively improve ocular surface symptoms, increase the amount of tear secretion, prolong tear film rupture time, down regulate the expression of TNF-α and NF-κB in conjunctival epithelial cells of dry eyes, which may be its therapeutic effect One of the important mechanisms of the eye.