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国际分工体系由产业间分工、产业内分工逐渐走向产品内分工,世界生产体系由此演化为全球化生产网络。国际生产网络可以分为空间、组织两个维度。从空间维度看,国际生产网络是生产的分散化;从组织维度看,国际生产网络是垂直一体化的分解。作为国际分工的高级形态,国际生产网络的形成与发展主要取决于两方面因素:各环节的制造成本和各环节之间的服务联系成本。这两个因素不仅影响国际生产网络的空间布局,而且影响国际生产网络的组织选择。本文从空间与组织选择两个维度研究了国际生产网络的形成与发展。研究发现:(1)比较优势与规模经济共同决定了国际生产网络的空间布局,并且比较优势具有基础性作用;(2)交易成本与合约环境共同影响国际生产网络的组织选择。
The international system of division of labor is divided into different sectors of industry and the internal division of labor in industry gradually moves toward division of labor within the product. As a result, the world production system has evolved into a globalized production network. International production networks can be divided into two dimensions: organization of space. From the perspective of space, the international production network is decentralized in production. From an organizational perspective, the international production network is a vertically integrated decomposition. As an advanced form of international division of labor, the formation and development of an international production network mainly depend on two factors: the manufacturing costs of each link and the cost of service links between links. These two factors not only affect the spatial layout of international production networks, but also affect the organizational choices of international production networks. This paper studies the formation and development of international production networks from the two dimensions of space and organization choice. The results show that: (1) Comparative advantage and economies of scale jointly determine the spatial distribution of international production networks, and comparative advantage plays a fundamental role; (2) Transaction costs and contractual environment jointly influence the organizational choices of international production networks.