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为摸清我国烤烟主要营养元素含量状况、年际间变化趋势、不同烟草种植区之间的差异以及与评吸质量指标之间的关系,采集了主产烟区2011—2015年821个烤烟C3F烟叶样品,分析了N、K、Ca、Mg、Cl、Mn、Fe、Zn、Cu和Ni等10种矿质营养元素。结果表明:(1)2011—2015年我国烟叶N含量总体适宜,K、Cl含量产区间差异较大,部分地区烟叶Mg和Mn含量偏低,Zn含量整体偏低;从不同产区来看,长江中上游部分产区Cl和Zn含量偏低,黄淮烟区和北方烟区应提高K含量并适当提高Zn含量。(2)2011—2015年烟叶分析结果显示,10种矿质营养元素含量年际间变化趋势存在差异;通过与已有资料对比,发现近30年来,我国烟叶N、K、Mn含量呈上升趋势,Ca和Cu含量呈下降趋势,而Mg、Cl和Fe含量变化不大。(3)烤烟中10种矿质营养元素,Ca、Ni、Cu与评吸质量之间存在一定程度的负相关;10种矿质营养元素与评吸质量的灰色关联度排序依次为N>K>Ca>Mg>Fe>Zn>Ni>Mn>Cl>Cu。
In order to find out the status of main nutrient elements in flue-cured tobacco in China, the trend of interannual variation, the difference between different tobacco growing areas and the relationship with the quality indexes of smoking, the author collected 821 flue-cured tobacco C3F Tobacco leaf samples were analyzed for 10 mineral nutrients such as N, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu and Ni. The results showed as follows: (1) The content of N in tobacco leaves in our country was generally suitable for 2011-2015, but there was a big difference in K, Cl content in tobacco growing areas. The content of Mg and Mn in tobacco leaves was low and the content of Zn was low in some areas. , Cl and Zn in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River are lower than those in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River. K content should be increased and the Zn content should be increased appropriately in the Huang-Huai-Cite and north China tobacco-growing areas. (2) The results of tobacco leaf analysis from 2011 to 2015 showed that there were differences in the trend of ten mineral nutrient elements in the interannual years. Comparing with the existing data, it was found that the contents of N, K and Mn in tobacco leaf increased in the past 30 years, The content of Ca and Cu decreased while the content of Mg, Cl and Fe changed little. (3) There was a certain degree of negative correlation between the contents of Ca, Ni, Cu and ten mineral nutrients in flue-cured tobacco; the gray relational grade of ten mineral nutrients and smoking quality was N> K> Ca > Mg> Fe> Zn> Ni> Mn> Cl> Cu.