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在中国铁道科学研究院环行试验基地进行的历时5年的提速货车120 km.h-1可靠性试验的基础上,结合运营线试验分析,提出铁路货车可靠性试验方法:参试车辆应具有代表性;试验线路应具有典型性,并设置一定的线路不平顺;试验里程为1至2个段修期;最高运行速度的试验里程不应低于总里程的60%。在分析测试结果、故障分布及车辆可靠性指标和铁路货车关键部件的疲劳特性的基础上,依据故障的严重程度和对车辆维修的影响,对故障进行分类与加权,计算货车的平均无故障时间和故障率,并进行评价;将落车时实测的静应力与运行中测得的动应力叠加并用Goodman方程转换,得出以对称循环表征的疲劳等效应力,结合对称循环概率疲劳等效应力和部件细节对称循环的概率应力—寿命曲线,通过Miner线性累积损伤法实现转向架关键部件疲劳寿命的可靠性预测。
Based on the reliability test of 120km.h-1 for five-year speed-raised freight cars carried out by China Railway Academy’s round-robin test base, the reliability test method of railway freight wagons is put forward based on the experimental analysis of operation routes: the test vehicles should have representative The test line should be of a typical type and a certain line should be set unevenly. The test mileage should be between 1 and 2 segments. The test run of the maximum operating speed should not be less than 60% of the total mileage. Based on the analysis of test results, fault distribution, vehicle reliability index and the fatigue characteristics of the key components of the railway wagon, the fault is classified and weighted according to the severity of the fault and the influence on the vehicle maintenance. The mean time between failure And the failure rate were evaluated. The measured static stress and the dynamic stress measured during operation were superimposed and converted by Goodman’s equation to obtain the fatigue equivalent stress characterized by a symmetrical cycle, combined with the symmetric cyclic probability fatigue equivalent stress And the probabilistic stress-life curve of symmetrical cycles of the components, the reliability prediction of the fatigue life of the key components of the bogie is achieved by the Miner linear cumulative damage method.