史禄国和凌纯声是两位都曾对通古斯人开展过田野调查的早期人类学家、民族学家,本文主要基于两人的民族志《北方通古斯的社会组织》、《松花江下游的赫哲族》,试图通过比较两人在上述各自作品中有关通古斯人历史内容的书写,从而解读两人通古斯研究的不同路径与意图,以及两人心中各自理解的通古斯研究。 Shi Luguo and Ling Chunsheng are two early anthropologists and ethnographers who had conducted field investigations on Tungus. This article is mainly based on the ethnography of “Two Tungus Society in the North”, “Hezhen Nationality in the Lower Songhua River ”, Trying to interpret the different paths and intentions of the two studies of Tunguska, as well as the study of Tungus which they both understand, by comparing their writing about the history of the Tungus in their respective works.