冲击压力又称水击,它是在运动流体突然停止流动时产生的。动能转变为势能引起内部压力升高,从而形成压力波。管道内引起水击的原因有:阀门关闭、泵的启停、流速不同的流体突然相遇、管内流体流速骤然改变等。防止水击的设计方案有很多,包括泄压阀、缓冲罐、阀门关闭控制装置、泵旁通管路以及在重要管段处采用厚壁管。给出了水击压力的计算公式。 Impact stress, also known as water hammer, it is generated in the sudden stop moving fluid flow. Kinetic energy into potential energy causes the internal pressure to rise, thus forming a pressure wave. The causes of water hammer in the pipeline are: the valve is closed, the pump starts and stops, the fluid of different speed suddenly meets, the fluid velocity in the pipe changes suddenly and so on. There are many design options to prevent water hammer, including relief valves, surge tanks, valve shut-off controls, pump bypass lines, and thick-walled tubes at critical pipe sections. The calculation formula of water hammer pressure is given.