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聚合物分子量及分子量分布是水解聚丙烯酰胺评价和合成研究的重要指标之一,在研究其黏度、水力学半径、降解规律和聚合物筛选评价等方面有着重要应用。本文简要回顾了黏度法、光散射法、凝胶色谱法、联用技术、场流技术的基本原理及在测定水解聚丙烯酰胺分子量中的应用及发展情况。黏度法设备简单,对操作人员要求较低,易于掌握,是目前主要评价手段;光散射法对样品除尘等要求较高,主要用于机理研究与分析,在大庆油田已有应用;驱油用的水解聚丙烯酰胺由于分子量大、非体积效应显著,应用凝胶色谱技术测其分子量还需要做大量的研究工作;场流技术能有效解决聚合物分子的剪切断裂问题,具有比较广阔的发展前景。
Molecular weight and molecular weight distribution of polymers are one of the most important indexes in the evaluation and synthesis of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide. They have important applications in the study of viscosity, hydraulic radius, degradation rules and polymer screening evaluation. This review briefly reviews the basic principles of viscosity, light scattering, gel chromatography, combined techniques, field-flow techniques and their application in the determination of the molecular weight of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide. Viscosity method equipment is simple, less demanding on the operator, easy to grasp, is the main evaluation method; light scattering method of the sample dust and other demanding, mainly for the mechanism of research and analysis, has been applied in Daqing Oilfield; Of the hydrolysis of polyacrylamide due to the large molecular weight, non-significant volume effect, the application of gel chromatography to measure its molecular weight still need to do a lot of research work; field flow technology can effectively solve the polymer molecular shear fracture problem, with a more broad development prospect.