通过模拟双任务实验,探讨人机交互过程中影响认知负荷的主要因素及途径。发现任务特征中的任务复杂性、时间压力和个体特征中的作业自我效能、状态元认知对认知负荷均有显著影响。其中,任务复杂性、时间压力、作业自我效能、状态元认知均对心理努力、主任务正确率存在显著影响;任务复杂性和时间压力还对注视时间、主任务反应时存在显著影响;作业自我效能和状态元认知还对瞳孔直径存在显著影响。 By simulating two-task experiment, the main factors and ways of affecting cognitive load in human-computer interaction are discussed. Task complexity, time pressure and job self-efficacy in task characteristics were found, and task metacognition had a significant effect on cognitive load. Task complexity, time pressure, job self-efficacy, and state metacognition all have significant effects on mental effort and main task accuracy. Mission complexity and time pressure also have significant effects on fixation time and main task response. Meta-cognition of self-efficacy and status also has a significant effect on pupil diameter.