细胞质雄性不育(CMS)机理的细胞学研究在许多作物上已有报道,如拟南芥、大豆、水稻、小麦等,但在国内至今未见关于洋葱的此类报道。利用光镜和透射电镜对洋葱不育系63A和保持系63B进行花药发育过程中显微结构和超微结构观察,结果表明,不育花药花粉母细胞时期,花粉母细胞发育正常,花粉囊形状不规则,绒毡层发育迟缓。四分体时期,四分体形成正常,中层严重退化,绒毡层与药室壁完全脱离,细胞质浓缩、空泡化。利用DNA梯度技术发现不育系绒毡层细胞提早发生程序性死亡。小孢子发育时期,小孢子细胞质发生浓缩、降解,绒毡层完全解体。推测不育系小孢子败育与中层、绒毡层提前衰退有关。 Cytological studies on the mechanism of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) have been reported on many crops such as Arabidopsis thaliana, soybean, rice and wheat, but so far no such report on onion has been reported in China. The microstructures and ultrastructures of anther development on inbred line 63A and maintainer line 63A were observed under light and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the pollen mother cells of sterile anther pollen mother cells developed normally and the shapes of pollen sacs Irregular, tapetal stunted. In the quartering period, the tetrad became normal, the middle layer was severely degenerated, the tapetal wall completely detached from the wall of the drug chamber, and the cytoplasm was condensed and vacuolization. DNA ladder technique was used to find that tapetum cells in the male sterile line prematurely died of programmed cell death. Microspore development, microspore cytoplasm concentrated, degradation, tapetum completely disintegrated. It is speculated that the microspore abortion of CMS is related to the early recession of middle and tapetum.