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全球最权威的国际间银行组织巴塞尔银行监管委员会于1988年开始实施的《巴塞尔新资本协议》一度被国际银行界称为国际银行业风险管理的“神圣条约”。2001年1月,巴塞尔银行监管委员会又发布了新资本协议。目前,这部新协议已三易其稿。新协议将于2006年首先在巴塞尔银行监管委员会成员国的十国集团内实施,并进而在其他国家和地区逐步实施,最终全面取代1988年的老协议。这将对全球银行业产生深远影响。在中国这个由计划经济向市场经济转轨中的国家,不但在商业银行内部在风险管理的观念、技术、方法等方面与国外先进银行存在较大差距,而且风险管理的外部环境也极不成熟,其中,作为外部约束手段的法律监管立法严重滞后,应有的约束作用还远未得到充分发挥。本文从分析中国银行监管立法与《巴塞尔新资本协议》的关系入手,对未来中国银行业监管立法的部分问题作出探讨。
The Basel Capital Accord, which is the world’s most authoritative international banking organization that started implementing the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision in 1988, was once known as the “sacred treaty” for international banking risk management by the international banking community. In January 2001, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision released the new capital agreement again. At present, this new agreement has been easy to draft. The new agreement will first be implemented in the G-10 member states of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision in 2006 and will be gradually implemented in other countries and regions, eventually replacing the old agreement of 1988. This will have a profound impact on global banking. In China, a transition from a planned economy to a market economy, not only has a large gap with advanced foreign banks in the concept, technology and methods of risk management in commercial banks, but also the external environment for risk management is extremely immature. Among them, the legal supervision legislation as a means of external constraints is seriously lagging behind, and the due restraint is still far from being brought into full play. This article begins with the analysis of the relationship between the Bank of China’s banking regulatory legislation and the Basel Capital Accord, and discusses some of the issues concerning China’s banking regulatory legislation in the future.